英検1級に出そうな単語-Labour's Manifesto Quickly Summarised - TLDR News
今回は"Labour's Manifesto" のマニフェストで、
"manifesto;政党などの政策に関する声明書"です。
12月12日が総選挙の日になり、選挙の話題が目白押しです。
英作文にも使えるネタでもあるかと思って選んでみました。
英検1級レベルで
意味だけでは、よくわからない語も
使われ方を見ることで理解が深まると思います。
本文は100ページありますが、
政党のホームページから、現在は簡単にダウンロードできます。
下の方に進むとダウンロード"Labour's 2019 Manifesto"
がありますので、興味ある人は読んでみると面白いと思います。
つづりが似ている
"manifest;はっきりとした、明白な"も重要な単語です。
他には同義語で、
"platform;政策、プラットフォーム、演壇"
も政策の意味があるので覚えておきたいですね。
政党で
よく耳にするのは
イギリスは
"Labour Party;労働党"
"Conservative and Unionist Party;保守党"
アメリカは
"Democratic Party;民主党"
"Republican Party;共和党"
"Two-party system;二大政党制"
"party;パーティ"の他に"人の集まり"の意味があります。
ここからが本文の単語です。
"condense;濃縮する、要約する"
"aggregation;集約、集団"→"aggregate;集める"
"internationalism;、国際主義"
"treasury;大蔵省、国庫、基金"
"compatible with;両立できる、相性が良い、互換性がある"
"eliminate;取り除く"
"permanently;永久に、ずっと"
"fracking;水圧破砕法(採掘法)"
"pledge;公約する、誓約する"
"public ownership;公有性"
"expiry;満期、終了、満了"→"expire;期限が切れる"
"cross rail;鉄道の建設計画"
"combustion;燃焼"
"crackdown;取り締まり、弾圧"
"avoidance;無効、取り消し、回避"
"evasion;回避、ごまかし"
"inflation;インフレ、膨張"
"expenditure;支出、消費"→"income;所得、収入"、"balance;残高、差額"
"privatisation;民営化"
"NHS:National Health Service;国民保健サービス"
"adolescent;若者、青年期の"
"prescription;処方箋、規定"
"maternity;母であること、出産の"→"maternity leave;出産休暇"
"paternity;父であること"
"subsidize;助成金を与える"
"stagger;よろめく、ずらす"
"high-stakes;いちかばちかの"
"Ofsted:Office for Standards in Education;教育監査局"
"lifelong;一生の"→"lifelong learning;生涯学習"
"tuition;事業料"
"grants;補助金"
"revive;復活する、復興する"
"relevant;適切な、妥当な、関係がある"
"inquiry;質問、問い合わせ、審査"
"collectively;まとめて"
"bogus;いんちきの、偽の"
"genuinely;純粋に"→"genuine;本物の、純粋な"
"mandatory;必須の、義務的な"
"implement;実行する、手段、道具"
"mitigate;やわらげる、軽減する"→"aggravate;悪化させる、重くする"
"cladding;被覆材、外壁"
"Grenfell style cladding"→" Grenfell Tower fire;グレンフェル・タワー火災で外壁が問題になった"
"hereditary;遺伝的な、世襲の"
"referendum;国民投票"
"alignment;調整、連携、一列に並んだもの"
"participation;関与、参加"→"participate;参加する"
"insecurity;不安、危険性"
"prioritize;優先させる"
"coordinate;調整する、まとめる"
"deterrent;抑止する、妨げる"
"Trident nuclear;戦略核ミサイル・トライデントのこと"
"briefing;簡単な報告"
"prestigious;名門の、名声のある"→"prestige;名声、威信"
"exclusive;排他的な、閉鎖的な、独占的な、高級な"
"inclusive;包括的な、すべてを含んだ"
全文
00:01
so we've read every line in Labor's 100
00:04
page manifesto and condense all of that
00:06
down in today's video this video is
00:09
brought to you by mobile news get a free
00:11
trial at their amazing news aggregation
00:13
service by using our special URL as a
00:16
link to that down below Labour's
00:18
manifesto was broken down into five
00:20
broad sections a Green Industrial
00:23
Revolution rebuild our public services
00:25
tackle poverty and inequality the final
00:28
say on brexit and a new internationalism
00:31
let's run through all five starting from
00:33
the beginning labor proposed
00:35
kick-starting a green industrial
00:37
revolution with all create 1 million
00:39
jobs in the UK they'll launch a national
00:42
transformation fund of a four hundred
00:44
billion pounds two hundred fifty billion
00:46
pounds of which will directly fund the
00:48
transition through a green
00:49
transformation fund
00:50
they'll also rewrite the Treasury's
00:52
rules to guarantee that every penny
00:54
spent is compatible with our climate and
00:56
environmental targets when it comes to
00:59
energy those deliver nearly 90 percent
01:00
of electricity and fifty percent of heat
01:02
from renewable and low-carbon sources by
01:05
2030 they'll do this by building 7,000
01:08
new offshore wind turbines 2,000 new
01:11
onshore wind turbines enough solar
01:13
panels to cover 22,000 furrball pitches
01:16
an upgrade almost all of the UK's 27
01:18
million homes to the highest energy
01:20
efficiency standards reducing the
01:22
average household energy bill by 417
01:25
pounds per person per year by 2030 and
01:28
eliminating fuel poverty as well as that
01:31
they'll immediately and permanently ban
01:33
fracking as well as introducing a
01:35
windfall tax on oil companies so the
01:37
companies that knowingly caused damage
01:39
to our climate will help cover the costs
01:41
they also say the supply arm of the big
01:44
six energy companies when we brought
01:45
into public ownership labor also pledged
01:48
to create an innovation nation setting a
01:50
target of 3 percent of GDP SB set on
01:52
research and development by 2030 when it
01:55
comes to transport they proposed
01:57
introducing free bus travel for under
01:59
25s as well as bringing railways back
02:01
into public ownership using options
02:04
including franchise expiry they also
02:06
support a long term investment plan
02:08
including delivering cross rail for the
02:10
north and completing the full hs2 route
02:12
to scotland labor commit to
02:15
new sails of combustion engine vehicles
02:16
by 2030 and also proposed introducing a
02:20
new right to food as well as
02:22
establishing a national food commission
02:24
in the public services section labor say
02:27
they'll reverse some of the cuts to
02:29
corporation tax while keeping rates
02:31
lower than in 2010 labor also say
02:33
they'll ask those who earn more than 80
02:35
thousand pounds per year to pay a little
02:37
more in income tax while freezing
02:39
national insurance and income tax rates
02:41
for everyone else labour also promised
02:44
to launch the biggest ever crackdown on
02:46
tax avoidance and evasion and reform the
02:48
inefficient system of tax reliefs they
02:51
also say that in the public sector
02:52
they'll enforce a maximum pay ratio of
02:55
20 to 1 and restore public sector pay to
02:58
at least pre-financial crisis levels in
03:00
real terms by delivering year on year
03:03
above inflation pay Rises starting with
03:05
a 5 percent increase for health labor
03:08
sale I'll increase expenditure across
03:10
the health sector by an average four
03:12
point three percent a year as well as
03:14
same they'll end and reverse
03:16
privatisation in the NHS labour also
03:19
promised to provide free annual NHS
03:21
dental checkups as well as more than
03:23
double the annual spending on children
03:25
and adolescent mental health services
03:27
labour also promised to extend the sugar
03:30
tax to milk drinks and ban fast-food
03:32
restaurants near schools as well as
03:34
enforcing stricter rules around the
03:36
advertising of junk food and levels of
03:38
salt
03:38
they also say they'll abolish
03:40
prescription charges in England as well
03:42
as extending maternity leave to 12
03:44
months for education labour say that
03:48
within five years all two three and
03:50
four-year-olds will be entitled to
03:51
thirty hours of free preschool education
03:53
per week as well as access to additional
03:56
hours affordable subsidized rates
03:58
staggered with incomes
04:00
they also say they'll ensure that
04:02
schools are properly resourced with
04:03
increased long-term funding as well as
04:05
ending the high-stakes testing culture
04:07
of schools by scrapping Key Stage one
04:09
and two SATs as well as baseline
04:12
assessments on top of that Labour's say
04:14
they'll bring free schools and academies
04:16
back under public control and replace
04:18
Ofsted and transfer their
04:20
responsibilities for inspections to a
04:21
new body designed to drive school
04:23
improvement they also say that last the
04:26
social justice commission to advise on
04:28
Instagram
04:29
in private schools labor say they'll
04:31
give everyone free lifelong entitlement
04:33
to training up to level three and six
04:35
years of training at levels four to six
04:38
they'll also abolish tuition fees and
04:40
bring back maintenance grants for the
04:42
police labors say the re-established
04:45
neighborhood policing and recruit two
04:47
thousand more frontline officers than
04:48
had been planned by the Conservatives
04:50
labor also promised to revive the high
04:52
streets by stopping Bank branch closures
04:54
banning ATM charges and giving local
04:57
government new powers to put empty shops
04:59
to good use labor also say they'll bring
05:02
the Royal Mail back to public ownership
05:03
at the earliest opportunity
05:05
they guarantee that every young person
05:07
will have access to local high quality
05:09
youth work as well as saying they'll
05:11
invest in the fire and rescue service
05:13
recruiting at least 5,000 new
05:15
firefighters labor also promised to
05:18
deliver free full fiber broadband by
05:20
2030 they'll do this by establishing
05:22
British broadband and by bringing the
05:24
broadband relevant parts of BT back into
05:26
public ownership they also say they'll
05:29
invest in towns and communities
05:30
neglected for too long with a 1 billion
05:32
pound cultural capital fund to transform
05:35
libraries museums and galleries across
05:37
the country they'll also consult with
05:39
the media sector and trade unions to
05:41
establish an inquiry into the fake news
05:43
undermining trust for poverty and
05:46
inequality Labour say they'll rapidly
05:49
introduce a real living wage of at least
05:51
10 pounds per hour for all workers aged
05:53
16 and over they also promised up to 10
05:56
percent of a company will be owned
05:57
collectively by employees with dividend
06:00
payments distributed equally among all
06:02
labour also promised to explore a pilot
06:04
of universal basic income as well as
06:07
ending bogus self-employment and
06:08
creating a single status of worker for
06:11
everyone apart from those genuinely
06:13
self-employed in business as well as
06:15
that Labour say they'll ban zero hours
06:17
contracts and ban unpaid internships
06:20
labour promised that within a decade we
06:22
will have reduced the average full-time
06:24
weekly working hours to 32 hours across
06:27
the economy with no loss of pay funded
06:29
by productivity increases labour
06:32
promised to create a new Department for
06:34
women and equalities with a full-time
06:36
Secretary of State and say though
06:38
provides sufficient funding for schools
06:40
to deliver mandatory lgbtq+ include
06:42
relationships and sex education labor
06:45
promised to scrap Universal Credit
06:47
implementing an emergency package of
06:49
reforms to mitigate some of the worst
06:51
features of universal credit while labor
06:53
developed their replacement system
06:55
they'll introduce a 1 billion pound fire
06:58
safety fund to fit sprinklers and other
07:01
fire safety measures in all high-rise
07:03
Council and Housing Association tower
07:05
blocks in forcing the replacement of
07:07
dangerous Grenfell style cladding in all
07:09
high-rise homes and buildings they say
07:12
that by the end of parliament they'll be
07:13
building an annual rate of at least 1500
07:16
council and social homes with a thousand
07:19
of these built by councils for social
07:21
rent labour also want to stop runaway
07:23
rents by capping them with inflation and
07:26
give cities powers to cap rents further
07:28
they also say that air ma an additional
07:30
1 billion pounds a year for councils
07:32
homelessness services
07:35
laborer say they'll act immediately to
07:37
end the hereditary principle of the
07:39
House of Lords and were to abolish the
07:41
House of Lords in favor of an elected
07:43
Senate of nations and regions labels
07:45
reduced the voting age 16 giving full
07:48
voting rights to UK residents and
07:50
introduced a system of automatic voter
07:52
registration they say they'll work
07:54
quickly and tirelessly to secure the
07:57
return of a genuine power-sharing
07:58
government in northern ireland as well
08:01
as fully implementing the new laws on
08:02
equal marriage in Northern Ireland so
08:04
that same-sex couples are no longer
08:06
treated as second-class citizens labour
08:09
also say they will not agree to a
08:11
section 30 order request if it comes
08:13
from the Scottish government essentially
08:15
ruling out in independence referendum in
08:18
their brexit section labour promised
08:20
that within three months of coming to
08:21
power a Labour government will secure a
08:23
sensible deal and then within six months
08:26
they'll put that deal to a public vote
08:28
alongside the option to remain labour
08:31
outline their deal saying that it will
08:33
include a permanent and comprehensive UK
08:35
wide customs union close alignment with
08:37
a single market dynamic alignment on
08:40
workers rights consumer rights and
08:41
environmental protections a continued
08:44
participation in EU agencies and funding
08:46
programmes and clear commitments on
08:48
future security arrangements in their
08:52
final section new internationalization
08:54
labour promised to conduct an order of
08:56
the impact of Britain's colonial legacy
08:58
to understand our contribution to the
09:00
dynamics of violence and insecurity
09:02
across regions previously under British
09:05
colonial rule Labour's say they'll
09:07
immediately suspend the sale of arms to
09:09
Saudi Arabia for use in Yemen and to
09:11
Israel for arms used in violation of the
09:14
human rights of Palestinian civilians
09:16
they also say that they'd appoint a
09:18
human rights adviser to work across the
09:20
foreign office and government to
09:22
prioritize a coordinated approach to
09:24
human rights Labor's say they support
09:27
the renewal with the Trident nuclear
09:28
deterrent as well as committing spend at
09:31
least 2% of GDP on defense
09:33
so that's Labour's manifesto what do you
09:36
think of their policies let us know in
09:38
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