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英検1級に出そうな単語-Where Does All Your Trash Actually Go?

今回はゴミの話です。

ゴミを表す語、処理の用語が多いです。

内容的に、英作文でも使えそうなので

シャドーイングもおすすめです。

 

2個目は "landfill;埋め立てごみ処理場"の動画です。

"landfil"も覚えておきたい単語ですね。

 

"dump;投げ捨てる"

"municipal;都市の、市営の、市の"→"municipality;地方自治体"

→"municipal solid waste;(一般的な)ゴミ"

→"garbage;生ゴミ、ゴミ、廃物"

"landfill;埋め立てごみ処理場"

"allegedly;伝えられるところによれば(真偽は不明)"
"metric ton;メートル法のトン(1000kg)"

"incinerate;焼却する、火葬する"→"Incineration;焼却、火葬"

"off the table;議題、検討から外れる"→"on the table;検討の対象である、検討中"

"dumping ground;ゴミ廃棄場"
"snippet;切れ端、断片"

"into the wrong hands;悪人の手に"

"methane;メタン"

"make little sense;ほとんど意味がない"

→"make sense;意味を成す、有意義である、道理にかなう"
"state of the art;最先端の、最新の"
"clogged;詰まった"→"clog;詰まらせる。ふさぐ"

"pile up;積み重ねる、ためる"

"conundrum;難問、なぞなぞ"

"statistic;統計、統計学"
"dispose;配置する"

"compost;堆肥にする"

"drain;排水する"

"contaminate;汚染する"

"implant;植え付ける、移植する"
"decompose;腐敗させる、分解する"
"garbageman;ごみ収集人"

"constituent;構成の、有権者"

"sanitary;衛生の、衛生的な、清潔な"

"diaper;おむつ"
"loophole;抜け穴"

"unscrupulous;不道徳な、たちの悪い"→"scrupulous;良心的な、几帳面な"

"routinely;日常的に"

"open fire;焚き火、開始する、火蓋を切る"
"ongoing;進行中"
"be mindful of;心に留める"

"trillion;一兆"

"staggering;よろめく、驚異的な"

"waterway;水路、運河"
"sewer;下水道、お針子"

"conceivably;もしかしたら、ことによると、おそらく"

→"conceivable;考えられる、ありえる、想像できる"
"insane;非常識な、狂気の"

 

 

www.youtube.com

 

www.youtube.com

 

全文

 

00:00
most of us just throw something away and
00:01
we think nothing more of it but that
00:03
trash will go on quite the journey after
00:05
it's left your hands we throw a lot of
00:07
stuff out too it's hard to say how much
00:09
each individual person dumps because we
00:11
all have different lifestyles but if you
00:12
look at figures from the US
00:14
Environmental Protection Agency the
00:15
average American will produce about 5.9
00:18
1 pounds of trash each day will mainly
00:20
focus on the USA Today because hey it
00:23
said Americans produce a lot of garbage
00:24
in 2019 The Guardian wrote the u.s.
00:27
represents four percent of the world's
00:28
population but produces 12% of municipal
00:31
solid waste in comparison the countries
00:33
of China and India make up more than 36
00:36
percent of the world's population and
00:37
generate 27 percent of that waste said
00:40
the newspaper the question is where does
00:42
all the garbage go it's a very
00:44
complicated story because trash can be a
00:46
global traveller we have some data from
00:48
the US Environmental Protection Agency
00:50
and although a couple of years old that
00:52
data said that in the USA 262 million
00:56
tons of municipal waste is created each
00:58
year that's a lot of garbage half of
01:00
that is said to end up in a landfill
01:01
somewhere landfills are also a
01:03
complicated issue and we'll get around
01:05
to that of the total waste in the USA
01:07
only 1/4 of it is recycled well
01:09
allegedly recycled but we'll get around
01:12
to that too in 2019 The Guardian said
01:14
that throughout the entire world each
01:16
year we produce 2.1 billion metric tons
01:18
of municipal waste you can find
01:20
different figures but most are close to
01:22
that amount by 2025 the massive garbage
01:24
we create will be much much bigger
01:27
according to the World Bank if you
01:29
didn't know when we talk about municipal
01:31
waste we're talking about the stuff
01:32
collected by the city the garbage we're
01:34
all responsible for by the way if you're
01:36
British you might call this stuff
01:38
rubbish rubbish garbage trash waste
01:40
tomato tomahto it's all the same to give
01:43
you some idea of how much garbage we all
01:45
create in this world each year it's
01:46
enough to fill eight hundred twenty two
01:48
thousand Olympic sized swimming pools
01:50
we recycle only about 16% of this
01:52
globally leaving a lot of garbage that
01:54
just rests someplace or it goes up in
01:56
flames
01:57
now let's follow some garbage on its
01:58
journey so we know what it gets up to
02:00
the Rockefeller Institute tells us that
02:02
when we throw stuff out such as food
02:04
scraps closed boxes bottles cans etc
02:06
certain things travel different paths
02:08
there are three main paths and those are
02:11
to a recycling plant tool
02:13
Phil and to a place it could be
02:14
incinerated and turned into energy but
02:16
it first has to be sorted at a sorting
02:18
facility you might not know this but
02:20
some countries accept waste from other
02:22
countries and then they recycle that
02:24
waste China for instance has imported a
02:26
lot of recyclable waste from the USA
02:28
over the years but we're told China put
02:30
its price up and restricted how much it
02:32
buys and a lot of municipalities in the
02:34
u.s. didn't much like this and so opted
02:36
to turn to the waste-to-energy
02:37
facilities and landfills this has a
02:39
negative effect on the environment
02:41
though the Atlantic asked in 2019 that
02:43
if the USA is creating more and more
02:45
waste what happens now that China is off
02:47
the table as a dumping ground this is a
02:49
snippet from that article for decades we
02:51
were sending the bulk of our recycling
02:53
to China
02:54
tons and tons of it sent over on ships
02:56
to be made into goods such as shoes and
02:58
bags and new plastic products but last
03:00
year the country restricted imports of
03:02
certain recyclables including mixed
03:04
paper magazines office paper junk mail
03:06
and most plastics more cities are now
03:08
turning to burning and landfills so
03:11
while in the past in the USA a lot of
03:13
the recyclable waste might have ended up
03:14
in China it's now more likely to end up
03:16
in a landfill someplace or get
03:18
incinerated it may also get into the
03:20
wrong hands and end up where it
03:21
shouldn't and that's another issue we'll
03:23
get to later the Atlantic tells us that
03:25
landfills produce a lot of methane and
03:27
are bad for the environment and burning
03:29
produces carbon emissions which are also
03:31
bad for the environment the conclusion
03:32
to this article was that while for a
03:34
long time Americans could just throw
03:36
stuff away and not think about it maybe
03:38
it's now time to start thinking about
03:39
consuming less the national waste and
03:41
recycling Association said for years the
03:44
low paid workers in China would sort
03:45
through American trash but those days
03:47
are over
03:48
it also said that in the USA it makes
03:50
little sense to hire people to do the
03:52
same because it's cheaper not to recycle
03:54
and just buy new plastics and paper
03:56
there are state of the art recycling
03:58
facilities in the US but the problem is
04:00
these trash sorting machines keep
04:02
failing because so much non recyclable
04:03
waste is thrown out with the recyclable
04:05
stuff better machines are needed because
04:08
they get clogged and break a lot
04:09
according to one US manager of a plant
04:11
you have to ask the question at what
04:13
point do you feel like you're spending
04:14
more money than what it takes for people
04:16
to feel good about recycling so if you
04:18
can't send the trash abroad to be sorted
04:20
it might get sorted in the US but as we
04:23
know not much of this trash is recycled
04:25
due to costs the trash
04:26
she's piling up but it's hard to tell
04:28
people to buy less because buying stuff
04:30
makes up a large part of the economy
04:31
this creates quite the conundrum it's a
04:33
puzzle the whole world will have to
04:35
figure out sooner or later we can look
04:37
at statistics from a few years ago in
04:39
2015 if you threw something in the trash
04:41
in the USA we be picked up by a garbage
04:43
truck the truck then disposes of the
04:45
stuff somewhere else the place where the
04:47
garbage waits is called a transfer
04:48
station from there it'll be given a
04:50
destination back in 2015 it said in the
04:53
u.s. 52 point 5 percent of the garbage
04:55
would be sent to a landfill twenty five
04:56
point eight percent will be sent to a
04:58
recycling center and twelve point eight
05:00
percent to a waste-to-energy plant the
05:02
rest would be composted that's a lot of
05:04
waste in landfills and if we're to
05:05
believe these recent articles saying
05:07
more and more will get dumped into these
05:08
things we might ask what happens to
05:10
garbage when it's there
05:11
landfills consist of layers that are
05:13
lined with clay and then covered in
05:15
plastic skin drains and pipes are
05:17
installed to take the contaminated fluid
05:19
created by the trash one layer is filled
05:21
and then it's covered with another sheet
05:23
of plastic and on top of that soil
05:25
implants will be placed the garbage
05:27
after time should decompose the stuff we
05:29
recycled that shouldn't end up in these
05:31
landfills are mostly materials on paper
05:33
glass plastic wood and metals so if it's
05:36
not recyclable and it doesn't end up in
05:38
the landfill it should get burned
05:40
now that China and some other countries
05:41
have cut down on what they take from
05:43
other nations countries in Europe such
05:45
as the UK as well as here in the USA are
05:48
going to have to create more facilities
05:49
for garbage on their own land we talked
05:51
a lot about the USA but recent articles
05:54
in the British press tells us the UK was
05:56
sending 2.7 million tonnes of plastic
05:58
waste to China each year and some more
06:00
to other nations in Asia in 2018 The
06:03
Guardian wrote that Britain still
06:04
doesn't have anywhere near enough
06:05
facilities to recycle for that reason
06:07
most of the trash gets exported the
06:09
problem is though while it's sent abroad
06:11
to be recycled investigations revealed
06:13
it was actually sometimes just getting
06:15
dumped in landfills and those landfills
06:17
were spread all across Asia and some
06:19
countries in Europe that are not quite
06:20
as wealthy as Britain the problem in the
06:22
USA has happened in the UK with
06:24
countries no longer accepting waste or
06:26
charging a lot for it in 2019 an article
06:29
described exactly what happened to
06:31
British waste it followed the journey of
06:33
an empty can of coca-cola so the
06:35
consumer throws that in the bin with the
06:37
rest of the stuff the garbageman there
06:39
sometimes called Binh Minh will take it
06:41
to another place for sorting these
06:42
places are called materials recovery
06:44
facilities and they're the materials
06:46
will be separated into the constituent
06:48
parts after that the parts will be sent
06:49
to various brokers and traders because
06:51
waste is big business in the UK about
06:54
two-thirds of all plastic waste will be
06:56
sent to countries in Europe and Asia
06:57
about half of all paper and cardboard
06:59
will go in the same journey the rest of
07:01
the paper and cardboard will go to mills
07:03
in the UK while most of the glass will
07:05
be melted washed or smashed what's left
07:07
food scraps bits and pieces will be sent
07:09
to a landfill in the UK like the USA the
07:12
UK produces more garbage than it can
07:14
handle as China has started turning its
07:16
nose up at the garbage and it's cheaper
07:18
to buy new plastic in the UK than
07:20
recycle it there a problem has arisen
07:22
The Guardian wrote in 2019 that a lot of
07:24
British rubbish now ends up in other
07:25
Asian countries such as Thailand
07:27
Indonesia and Vietnam the problem wrote
07:30
the newspapers that a lot of the stuff
07:31
isn't recycled in those countries and
07:33
instead ends up in landfills or even
07:35
illegal dumping sites Malaysia is home
07:37
to some of those sites and in 2018 a lot
07:39
of British waste was found at one of the
07:41
sites along with other nations waste
07:43
British companies have also been found
07:45
guilty of lying saying waste contained
07:47
one thing when it actually contained a
07:49
lot of other things in one case of a
07:51
shipment of paper from one of the UK's
07:53
largest waste companies it was actually
07:55
made up of sanitary towels diapers and
07:57
clothes it seems there are a lot of bent
07:59
players in the game of getting rid of
08:01
the garbage in 2019 a Thai media outlet
08:04
said that now that China is an accepting
08:06
waste Thailand and its Southeast Asian
08:08
neighbors are becoming major dumping
08:10
grounds for the world's plastic garbage
08:11
and electronic waste the problem is
08:13
while there are laws as to what can be
08:15
dumped in countries such as Thailand in
08:17
Malaysia there are legal loopholes and
08:19
some people are just breaking the law
08:20
the loophole in Thailand is actually
08:22
quite simple that's because it's not
08:24
illegal to import waste if it's for
08:26
recycling
08:27
but then in many cases it just won't be
08:28
recycled and instead gets dumped
08:30
activists have said that some of the
08:32
waste has even ended up in abandoned
08:33
buildings while illegal waste is being
08:35
found in other places all the time the
08:37
wealthy nations wash their hands of the
08:39
stuff because they can't deal with it
08:41
and unscrupulous businessmen and some
08:43
less than wealthy nations are making a
08:44
packet sometimes the waste is discovered
08:47
before it can be dumped with Thai police
08:48
saying they discovered a huge waste pile
08:50
in 2018
08:51
just outside of Bangkok the stuff came
08:53
from 35 countries that included the USA
08:56
Hong Kong China Germany Japan Malaysia
08:59
and Vietnam one u.s. activist said
09:01
people feel better in the US because
09:03
they feel their garbage is being
09:04
recycled abroad but he said that's often
09:06
a myth he told the Guardian in 2019 it
09:08
all sounded good it's good to be
09:10
recycled in China I hate to break it to
09:12
everyone but those places are routinely
09:14
dumping massive amounts of plastic and
09:15
burning it on open fires it's a case of
09:18
out of sight out of life but some people
09:20
might be suffering from other people's
09:21
garbage so to conclude this story when
09:24
you throw something into the trash it
09:26
might end up being burned or recycled or
09:28
placed in a landfill in your country but
09:30
there's a good chance it's going to find
09:32
its way to another nation either for
09:33
recycling or sometimes being illegally
09:36
dumped it's a problem this waste thing
09:38
and that issue is ongoing we should
09:40
likely be mindful of what we consume and
09:42
dump but the economy at large wants us
09:44
to consume our hearts away and remain
09:46
sick with a desire to buy more and dump
09:48
more we haven't mentioned the ocean in
09:50
this video because that's a story unto
09:52
itself but a lot of rubbish does end up
09:55
in the ocean in fact it said in the
09:57
Great Pacific Garbage Patch there is 1.8
10:00
trillion pieces of trash weighing a
10:01
staggering 88 thousand tons ocean
10:04
garbage comes from all over the world
10:06
but it's reported that the worst
10:07
polluters of the water are China
10:09
Indonesia the Philippines Vietnam Sri
10:12
Lanka and Thailand
10:13
most of the stuff isn't just thrown
10:15
directly there but it comes from other
10:17
waterways from sewers or blown from
10:19
landfills and streets so a bottle you
10:21
threw out in Baltimore could conceivably
10:23
end up at in the legal dumping site in
10:25
Bangkok and then make its way into the
10:27
ocean we should end with something
10:28
positive though because all the time
10:30
technology is coming up with better
10:32
machines to sort garbage machines have
10:34
been invented that use artificial
10:35
intelligence to better sort the stuff
10:37
and so we hope soon those machines will
10:39
make recycling in wealthy nations cost
10:41
effective and they wanted to use poorer
10:43
nations as dumping grounds automation in
10:45
this case will take some jobs away but
10:46
we think machines here might save the
10:48
day do you have a better idea for what
10:50
to do with our garbage tell us in the
10:52
comments now go watch insane things
10:54
garbage men have found in the trash
10:56
don't thanks for watching and as always
10:57
don't forget to like share and subscribe
10:59
see you next time